Green coffee beans have a skin left on them, so it is not nearly as vulnerable to the elements and fast decay as it is next evolution, roasted coffee beans.
A nice zip lock bag, kept zipped, and then the green coffee beans should be stored out of the light in a cool dark place. This is what we use for small amounts of green coffee beans between runs, and it should work for you at home as well.
A primary consideration is avoiding moisture from getting into the beans. Keep the zip lock closed and that should be impossible. If you have a vacuum seal bag system, that would be ideal. Check after you have sealed them to make sure -- sometimes a small bag defect or a small gap in the seal will not become apparent until the bag has sit -- you can tell if it puffs up or “sucks in air” that the seal is defective and you need to try again. (Hint -- a bag with a hole can be detected by filling it with water and watching the run or drip thru a hole in the bag.)
If you leave the zip lock open and moist air does get to circulate for a long time, the beans will pick this vapor up and it will affect how they will time and react to the roasting process.
As well, be advised that green coffee beans can pick up odors that surround it. Keep it sealed and only open to take out what you need to roast and all should be fine.
If your green beans are the color of white beans, if they get streaks or look molded, or if you smell them and the scent is off, you may want to run a test batch. Don't be too surprised if the roast turns out nothing close to what your experience would suggest. Old, wet green beans can rush right through the first crack and maybe through the second without you even realizing the fact. Sometimes the moisture will circumvent the “pop action”. Just be extra careful with old or wet green beans -- and if the roast fails, be more careful with how you store your green beans in the future.
Similarly if your green coffee beans get dried out, they will behave differently and possibly be ruined.
Just keep them sealed and out of sunlight for the best results, nothing too complicated here!
If you are talking about more than your stash -- storing 10 pounds or so. The proper method is to put into paper or a jute bag (coffee bag) and then into a climate controlled room. The temperature should be kept fairly constant, around 72 and the humidity kept above right at or a bit above 55. This is probably too much trouble for the typical user -- but in case that’s how it’s done. You can keep green coffee beans properly stored for two years.